Are Lawyers exempted from paying Toll tax? To my query see the response shared by the NHAI

Various newspapers publish news that Lawyers are exempted from paying Toll Tax.  please click the link to see the response shared by the NHAI with Notification.

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/vana-narayanan-5bb80a4_exempted-categories-of-vehicles-from-paying-activity-6880702545723981824-PbBE

 

 

 

Iphone Theft Case : Apple Paid to the Consumer

Apple failed to disclose the Insurance Company name 
although complainant paid towards MA Apple Total (Protection Plan)
Orissa (Cuttack)Consumer Court directed
to pay the cost of the mobile set Rs.54,700/ besides,
to pay Rs.15,000/- (Fifteen Thousand) as
compensation and a sum of Rs.5,000/- (Five Thousand) 
towards the cost of litigation to the Complainant. 

APPLE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED Versus HARISH CHANDRA 
MOHANTY & ANR. 

Nostro & Vostro Account

WORD ORIGIN Latin word:  A Vostro account is an account that a domestic bank holds for another foreign bank in the domestic bank's currency.  "Vostro" is from the Latin "Voster", meaning "your" Nostro meaning “Ours”. Ad valorem is an adjective that describes a tax charged at the estimated value of the goods being charged, and is the Latin for "according to value".

 

A Nostro account is used when one bank has money deposited in an account opened with another bank to execute international transactions.

 

Vostro Account refers to an account held by a foreign-based bank in the domestic currency with the domestic bank of the country

 

As both banks keep records of the amount of money deposited in the account, this leads to two mirroring sets of ledger known as the Nostro and Vostro account.

 

Example:

 

Suppose City Bank (USA based bank) opens an account in SBI BANK (India based bank) with the Currency INR (Indian Rupee), then this type of accounts is called Vostro Account.

Conclusion:

 

Thus single conclusion can be drawn from the above definitions of both Nostro and Vostro accounts.

 

If SBI bank opens a bank account in City Bank, it will be a Nostro Account for SBI Bank and from the City Bank’s point of view, it would be a Vostro Account.

 

Source: https://www.thesisbusiness.com/

Geofence Warrant – To Unearth Truth

The law to amend in equal footing as the development of technology.  After the proliferation of internet usage in smartphones options of gathering evidence for investigative

agencies also increased.  The legislators need to embrace technology should enact policies and procedures that make it more accessible for law enforcement officials to access information within a specified period of time. Timelines should be legislatively fixed in obtaining the information for any criminal prosecution. Imagine if the Law enforcement officials have the access to seek more information in solving cases.  Thus, saving of valuable court time and pending cases for want of solid evidence to nab the wrongdoer will be drastically be reduced from a legal point of view.

 

A different modus operandi.

 

The Geofence warrant We know that Google collects and retains location data from a device running the Android operating system. If the user activated GPS it's easy to identify user location, cell site/cell tower triangulation/trilateration, precise measurement information like timing advance or per call measurement data, wi-fi location and internet protocol address based on the information.

 

Any android device using google products with that location data, google to access easily particular geographic area, the specific time frame of its users. This information can inculpate or exculpate a user’s by showing that the user was or was not, near a specific location at that time which often provides a clue to the user identity, location that tremendously assist with police investigations of criminal activity.

 

By analysing the data law enforcement officials effortlessly to identify users who may have witnessed or participated in any offences or who may be a potential witness.

 

Legislators should recognize the technology-centric approach

 

A search warrant is legally required to obtain geofencing information.

 

Usually, law enforcement officers apply for a search warrant when they have a solid reason to believe that a particular person has involved in a particular crime and that the warrant will uncover evidence thereof.

 

If law enforcement officers find difficulty in resolving the crime for lack of evidence at the crime scene. He approaches the judiciary for issuance of Geofence warrant. The issuance of the warrant after level of probable causes evaluated by the judiciary such as Failure to issue may lead to loss of critical evidence from an investigative or prosecutorial viewpoint.

 

Like in the USA, If the Geo warrant introduced to the Indian Legal system without eroding Invasion of privacy.

 

Craft legislation to issue Geo fence warrants if there is a reason to believe that the records sought are relevant to a legitimate law enforcement inquiry supported by probable cause before acquiring such records.  That enable law enforcement agencies to gain access will enhance broaden nature of the searches for investigation.

 

The Policy be framed that Evidence gathered through this warrant should be admissible in judicial proceedings, preliminary hearings, bail hearings, and other non-trial proceedings

 

Established Model.

 

This concept is not new already Railway Department ticket issuing Application UTS use this model for booking Sub Urban ticket. A user to book a ticket through this application within the range of 5 kms to 30 meters radius of sub urban railway stations will be allowed to book ticket. If the user within 30 meters closer limit to any railway station the application will not allowed to book the tickets.

 

Recently Greater Noida region launched Geo-Inspection edition mobile application for collection & updation of solid waste/Bulk waste Generators based on Geo-Fence aspect.

 

Conclusion.

 

In coming years technology to play a  greater role in the court procedures to help litigants 

 

In this Digital world only least, the user leaves without a digital footprint in the borderless virtual world.

 

By adopting new emerging technology will ensure that criminals cannot be allowed to get away scot-free for lack of evidence. Law reform initiatives to aid as it can benefit litigants at large that improve access for justice and faster resolution of disputes.